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　　美國(guó)西南研究院 (SwRI) 發(fā)布了關(guān)于氫燃料內(nèi)燃機(jī) (H 2 -ICE) 潤(rùn)滑油耐久性的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。該研究于 2024 年 5 月在美國(guó)明尼蘇達(dá)州明尼阿波利斯舉行的第 78 屆 STLE 年會(huì)和展覽會(huì)上發(fā)表，探討了氫燃燒對(duì)潤(rùn)滑油性能和壽命的影響。

　　SwRI 啟動(dòng)了氫內(nèi)燃機(jī) (H 2 -ICE) 聯(lián)合工業(yè)計(jì)劃 (JIP)，以開發(fā)和展示氫動(dòng)力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在重型應(yīng)用方面的可行性。SwRI 已成功將康明斯 X15N 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)改裝為氫動(dòng)力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，并將其安裝在 8 級(jí)重型車輛上，展示了其實(shí)現(xiàn)近零溫室氣體 (GHG) 排放和超低氮氧化物 (NOx) 和顆粒物排放的潛力。

　　研究結(jié)果

　　潤(rùn)滑劑相互作用：研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，氫發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的火焰熄滅距離更小，火焰穿透氣缸壁邊界層更深。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致潤(rùn)滑劑氧化和相關(guān)排放增加。

　　燃燒副產(chǎn)物：研究解決了水進(jìn)入潤(rùn)滑劑和可能形成腐蝕性硝酸的擔(dān)憂。然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)潤(rùn)滑劑中水的積累量極小，推翻了氫發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生過(guò)多水的謠言。

　　耐久性測(cè)試：該研究在經(jīng)過(guò)改裝的戴姆勒 DD15 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上進(jìn)行，測(cè)試周期為 350 小時(shí)。結(jié)果表明，潤(rùn)滑油性能保持穩(wěn)定，粘度、總酸值 (TAN) 和總堿值 (TBN) 變化很小。

　　技術(shù)見解

　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)改裝：采用定制噴油器、分體式排氣歧管設(shè)計(jì)和抽吸式吹掃系統(tǒng)來(lái)優(yōu)化性能和安全性。

　　爆震和預(yù)點(diǎn)火：對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的爆震和預(yù)點(diǎn)火進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密監(jiān)控，并多次因預(yù)點(diǎn)火而出現(xiàn)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉的情況。

　　結(jié)果一致性：與預(yù)期一致，潤(rùn)滑劑并未出現(xiàn)明顯的性能下降。

　　未來(lái)方向

　　雖然該研究證實(shí)了氫發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中潤(rùn)滑劑在穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)、溫暖條件下的耐久性，但仍需要進(jìn)一步研究以了解潤(rùn)滑劑在低溫和冷啟動(dòng)情況下的行為。

　　結(jié)論

　　SwRI 的研究代表著朝著將氫氣作為內(nèi)燃機(jī)可行燃料邁出了重要一步。通過(guò)解決與潤(rùn)滑油性能相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)，這項(xiàng)研究支持在重型運(yùn)輸中更廣泛地采用氫技術(shù)，為更清潔、更可持續(xù)的能源未來(lái)做出貢獻(xiàn)。

　　SwRI unveils promising findings on lubricant durability in hydrogen engines

　　Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has released new findings on the durability of lubricants in hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (H2-ICE). Presented at the 78th STLE Annual Meeting & Exhibition in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. in May 2024, the study explores the impact of hydrogen combustion on lubricant performance and longevity.

　　SwRI launched the Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine (H2-ICE) Joint Industry Program (JIP) to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of hydrogen-powered engines for heavy-duty applications. SwRI has successfully converted a Cummins X15N engine to run on hydrogen and retrofitted it in a Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle, showcasing its potential to achieve near-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ultra-low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter.

　　Study findings

　　Lubricant Interaction: The research highlighted that hydrogen engines have a much smaller flame quench distance and deeper flame penetration into the boundary layer of the cylinder walls. This can lead to increased lubricant oxidation and associated emissions.

　　Combustion Byproducts: Concerns about water ingress into lubricants and the potential formation of corrosive nitric acid were addressed. However, the study found minimal water accumulation in lubricants, debunking myths about excessive water production in hydrogen engines.

　　Durability Testing: Conducted on a modified Daimler DD15 engine, the study involved a 350-hour test cycle. The results showed that lubricant performance remained stable, with minimal changes in viscosity, Total Acid Number (TAN), and Total Base Number (TBN).

　　Technical insights

　　Engine Modifications: Custom injectors, a split exhaust manifold design, and a draw-through blow-by suction system were used to optimise performance and safety.

　　Knock and Pre-Ignition: The engine was closely monitored for knock and pre-ignition, with several instances of automated shutdowns due to pre-ignition.

　　Consistency in Results: Despite expectations, the lubricants showed no significant degradation.

　　Future directions

　　While the study confirmed the durability of lubricants in hydrogen engines under steady-state, warm conditions, further research is needed to understand lubricant behavior under low-temperature and cold-start scenarios.

　　Conclusion

　　SwRI’s research represents a significant step toward integrating hydrogen as a viable fuel for internal combustion engines. By addressing key challenges related to lubricant performance, this study supports the broader adoption of hydrogen technology in heavy-duty transportation, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.

　　To read the full version of this article, check out the digital edition of the Q3 2024 issue of F+L Magazine.